Quantum rangefinder for covert distance measurement

© Fraunhofer IOSB
The target is illuminated using one of the photons in an entangled pair. The other photon in the pair is measured locally. By aligning the backscattered signal both temporally and spectrally, the returning illumination photons can be filtered out from the natural background.
© Fraunhofer IOSB
A continuous-wave (cw) pump laser (coming from the right) generates entangled photon pairs with different wavelengths at random intervals (conservation of energy applies). One photon in the IR wavelength range (well-suited for propagation) illuminates the target (toward the telescope on the right), while the other photon is in the VIS range and is guided interference-free to a high-resolution “single photon avalanche diode” (SPAD) array detector (white detector on the left). Through temporally and spectrally resolved detection of this reference photon, the parameters of the illuminating photon entangled with the reference photon are known, and this information can be used as a “quantum key” for filtering. The distance to the target can be determined through the temporally resolved detection of the two photon partners.

Short Description of the Project

The project aims to develop a novel quantum rangefinder that determines distances using entangled photons. Unlike conventional laser rangefinders, the system emits light that blends into the natural background and is virtually undetectable to third parties as active illumination. The useful signal can only be identified through the partner photons measured within the device. The central challenge lies in precisely filtering these extremely weak return signals out of the noise − even over long distances and under real-world environmental conditions − and integrating them into a mobile, robust, and miniaturizable measurement system.

Project Goals

The goal of the project is the development and experimental demonstration of a quantum rangefinder capable of precisely determining distances without being detectable due to its active illumination. To this end, a mobile prototype is being built at the IOSB, measurement and data processing are being further developed, and range measurements are being conducted initially in the laboratory and subsequently over distances ranging from 100 m to 1000 m. In addition, the system’s undetectability by infrared cameras will be experimentally verified, and the technology’s miniaturization potential, energy efficiency, and commercialization prospects will be evaluated, while laying the groundwork for intellectual property rights and follow-up applications.

Project Results

To date, the project has established the technological foundations for a mobile quantum rangefinder (QRF): The existing setup from quantum ghost imaging is being further developed into the QRF, detection is being improved using modern SPAD technology, and the measurement and evaluation software is being rebuilt. This paves the way for initial range demonstrations at night extending to the kilometer range and for the experimental verification of non-detectability. If this verification is successful, it will result in a highly relevant technological advantage with strong transfer potential for defense applications, intellectual property rights, follow-up projects, and, in the future, civilian mapping.

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Project Overview

Self-funded technology joint R&D project

Project duration: 2026–2027

Departments involved:

The Fraunhofer lighthouse project QUILT developed the basic architecture for quantum ghost imaging (QGI), which enables covert imaging.